Table of Contents
This is the beginning
Atmospheres and Their Composition
Used water
The Martian Wastewater Solutions and Sources
Wastewater treatment plants
Collect System
Underground drains
Taking out particles of sand and dirt.
Initial Intervention
High Performance Pond Systems
Subsequent Treatment
Activated sludge
Tertiary treatment
In summary
An introduction
Mars is the seventh planet in our solar system. It is located at the Sun’s distance and the largest and most mass-rich of its number. Reddish in color, Mars is visible at night as a reddish object. The symbol for Mars, also known as the Red Planet, is the symbol. Mars has been long associated with war and death. It was named in honor of the Roman gods of war. As long as 3, 000 years ago, Babylonian astronomer-astrologers called the planet of Nergal for their god of death and pestilence. The planet had two moons named Phobos (Greek for “Fear”) & Deimos (“Terror”), after two of its sons.
Mars is more than just its terrifying appearance. Mars is the second nearest planet to Earth after Venus. It can usually be seen in the night skies because it orbits outside of Earth’s. It is the only planet that can be viewed through telescopes from Earth’s orbit. It is also the only planet whose solid surface and atmospheric phenomena can be seen in telescopes from Earth. This has been confirmed by centuries of hard work by earthbound observators. There are many clues that Mars may have been more Earthlike billions years ago. It was warmer and had more water. This could be due to its dense atmosphere, flooding channels and rivers. Mars appears to be a sterile and frozen desert.
Close-up photos of dark streaks along the slopes a few craters’ craters in Martian spring or summer indicate that there may be some water flowing on the planet’s surface. Additionally, radar reflections from an alleged lake below the south pole cap suggests that water may still exist below the surface. Mars’ water supply is crucial because it is essential for life as we know.
It is possible that microscopic living-forms may have evolved on Mars. But, this possibility remains remote. A team of scientists discovered evidence that ancient microbial activity was present in a meteorite fragment from Mars. But, scientists are still disputing their findings.
Mars was considered the most friendly planet in the solar system to human exploration and habitation. Mars was first discovered by humans in 1921. The idea that there were canals to Mars was being discussed at the time. These complex, straight-lined surface systems that only a few astronomers claimed they could see through telescopic observation was an indication that intelligent beings had created them. The alleged evidence of biological activity was further strengthened by the claims that the planet’s appearance has changed over the seasons due to the retreat and spread of vegetation. Although the canals were not found to be real, and the seasonal changes were geologic rather that biological, there has been a continuing scientific interest and public curiosity in the possibility for Martian life.
Atmosphere, Its Composition and Martian Atmosphere. The majority of the atmosphere in Mars is made up carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide constitutes 95. 95% of the atmosphere’s weight is carbon dioxide. Most of Earth’s carbon dioxide is chemically trapped in sedimentary rock; however, it is only a few thousandth of what is found in the Martian atmospheric. The Martian atmosphere contains molecular carbon, water vapour, and other noble gases like argon, neon or krypton.
Trace elements of gases can also be produced from primary constituents of photochemical reactions. These include molecular oxygen and carbon monoxide. Gas is supplied to the planet’s atmosphere by the lower atmosphere. There, gas can be separated through diffusion according their mass. The top layer of the atmosphere is void of many constituents, which can affect the isotopic compositions of other gases like CO2, N2 or argon. Mars’s atmosphere is five times larger than Earth’s due to hydrogen being lost in space more than its heavier isotope of deuterium.
Although water is a minor element of the Martian environment, this is due to its low atmospheric and ground temperatures. Martian surface water is not usable, but the Martian atmosphere has been effectively saturated with water vapour. Because of the low temperature and pressure, water molecules can only exist as ice or vapour due to the extremely low temperatures. Despite the cold nighttime surface temperatures, water is exchanged occasionally with the surface.
Water vapour mixes uniformly at altitudes between 10-15 km (6-9 mi) and has strong latitudinal gradients depending on the season. The northern half of the hemisphere sees the greatest changes. In the northern hemisphere, summer is when the carbon dioxide caps disappear completely. Sublimation results in strong north-to–south concentration gradients of water vapour. The atmosphere does not usually develop a strong water vapour gradient in the south because of the small carbon dioxide caps that remain in summer.
Mars’s atmosphere also contains methane. Methane is constantly replenished because it is destroyed by sunlight. The methane is not derived from meteorites or volcanoes. It can be formed by chemical reactions between rocks and water, and may also be metabolized by Martian microorganisms.
Wastewater Treatment is the process of treating wastewater to make it usable again. It is formed from a variety of human activities, including washing and bathing. There are many contaminants in wastewater, including chemicals, bacteria, and other toxins. The goal of water treatment is to lower the levels of contaminants so that the water can be released back into nature.
Martian Wastewater Treatment Solutions and Sources The biological waste treatment plant uses bacteria to remove waste matter. Physical waste treatment is a physical process that treats wastewater. This includes the use and application of chemical chemicals like chlorine. Biological treatment systems can be used to treat wastewater in small-scale businesses or homes. Most often, wastewater treatment plants for industrial wastewater are used.
Wastewater Treatment Facilities The wastewater treatment plants will receive approximately 20000 litres per day. After the wastewater is treated to remove any food or human wastes, the water will usually be released into the local water system. Or it will be returned to the community storage tanks.
Before the size of the treatment plant and infrastructure, flow projections and systemopulation should be done. The Martian community will be better served if the plant’s design period is at least 10 years. To match the predicted growth patterns, shorter periods and staged developments are sometimes necessary. To determine the potential layout of the plant, it is important to consider staged development.
SewersSewers refer to the kilometers of pipes underground that collect greywater and sewage from Martian households. If not removed, items such as jewelry and plastic can seriously affect the treatment processes and damage plant equipment. Screening is required to remove these materials. This helps to eliminate hazardous materials. You can choose to have screens either mechanically or manually.
These screens require minimal or no maintenance.
Although mechanical screens are more cost-effective than manual screening, they also have better flow conditions and screen capture. However, high maintenance costs can be a problem. Require constant energy supply.
Grit RemovalGrit materials are made up of silt (glass), sand, grit, and small stones. Grit can block pumps and cause high organic levels in digesters and/or reactors to cause the cloth of floc structure. To protect moving mechanical equipment such as propellers and pumps, grit must be removed. Comminution is a reduction in the size of heavy solids from one particle to a smaller particle size using crushing, grinding and cutting or vibrating. This will be used to make compost.
Primary TreatmentThis refers to the removal of dissolved matter from wastewater. Primary treatment involves pouring wastewater into large tanks so that the solid matter can settle on the tanks’ surface. The solid waste that has settled on the tank’s surface is scraped using large scrappers. The water remaining is then pumped to secondary treatment.
Pond systems require large footprints and are easy to maintain. You should consider them where there is a low cumulative impact from multiple wastewater treatment plants, such as Martian community. The flexibility of ponds means that effluent can be treated to meet land application irrigation standards, or combined with other advanced technologies to meet any discharge standards.
High Performance Pond SystemsProduces higher water quality than a traditional pond system. High performance pond systems would include a traditional pond system that has additional features like:
To obtain nitrification, you can use a trickling filter
Polishing of wetlands would produce a higher quality effluent which could be discharged
Possibility for fish to be propagated in the final ponds. This is possible to eat and provide food for mosquito larvae.
Secondary TreatmentAerobic attach-growth treatment is a process that uses microorganisms in a medium, such stones or discs, to eliminate organic matter in wastewater. These microorganisms can be used to achieve ammonia/nitrite nitrification.
The trickling filter is also known by the name biofilter, and it is used to remove organic matter. The trickling filters will use an aerobic treatment process that uses microorganisms attached as a medium for organic matter removal from wastewater. A population of microorganisms including facultative bacteria, can be attached to the medium to form a slime or biological film. One to zero. 1 to 0. The medium is 2 mm thick. The slime layer’s outer part degrades the organic material.
Activated sludgeThe activated process (ASP), is a process by which microorganisms can be used to stabilise waste. A reactor is used to introduce organic waste into the reactor. The reactor then maintains a suspended bacterial culture (biomass). Because the wastewater is never recycled, the reactor contents are called activated or mixed liquor.
The nitrogen removal process ASP uses biological nitrogen removal. There are two biological processes: nitrification (or denitrification). Nitrification can be described as a two-step microbiological procedure in which ammonia Nitrogen converts into nitrite (Nitrification) by Nitrosomonasbacter bacteria and then into Nitrobacterbacter nitrate (Nitrification). The harmless nitrogen gas is created by denitrification. There are several forms and types of nitrogen in wastewater. There are several reactions that can occur in activated waste sludge. These will alter the forms of nitrogenous matter via nitrification, ammonification, and denitrification.
After secondary and primary treatment, the solids matter left behind are sent to digesters. The anaerobic digestion units are heated to room temperature. The solids wastes then go through anaerobic digesting. There is also the production of methane gases and the formation nutrient rich biomass which can then be reused and dewatered to local companies. Methane gas is used at treatment plants as an energy source. It can be used for electricity production, which can then be delivered to the Martian people. It can also be used to heat digesters by heating it in boilers.
These actions can be taken to reduce the pollution or contamination that may result from the accumulations of sludge. These are the main causes of thickening sludge before digestion:
To maximize the digester capacity (water takes up space)
To avoid the dilution or loss of nutrients that could hinder the use of the food by bacteria
To prevent the overloading of hydraulically loaded digesters and their washout of solids/microorganisms.
The dissolved-air flotation tanks are used to remove solids from mixed sludge that has been treated with secondary wastewater treatment. The steam is used to pulp the thickened sludge. This allows large molecules like proteins and lipids to be broken down under pressure and heat. The hydrolyzed liquid is then passed through an apparatus that causes a drop in pressure to cause cells to burst. The dewatering stage is used to remove any solids from the sludge.
Tertiary treatmentThis stage is somewhat similar to that used by drinking water treatment plant to treat raw water into potable water. Tertiary treatment can remove 99 % of impurities, including toxic contaminants and other pathogens, from wastewater. The effluent water is then close to acceptable drinking water standards. This process is expensive because it requires special equipment, highly trained operators and chemicals. It can also require a steady supply of energy, which can make it difficult for the mars planet not to consume energy. These are not easily available so the Martian community will need to use artificial lakes, wetland or greenhouse to purify the water.
Artificial Ecosystem technologies are used to treat water. They follow the same principles as nature and are intended for building and maintaining ecologies like forests, estuaries, and wetlands that derive their primary energy from sunlight. As natural ecosystems, ecosystem technology has hydrological as well as mineral cycles. An organism is collected from the environment and then reassembled according to the purpose. Appropriate assembly depends on context. This is done by understanding the ecology and how the individual components can be combined to achieve the desired function.
Martian community’s survival will depend on making the most of the resources available on Mars. This is space exploration’s “in situ resource use”. The most important resource NASA will collect on Mars is likely water. Water can be used for drinking as well as as radiation shielding. “Water is very expensive to transport from Earth. Mars may have five water sources. These could include water-rich minerals, underground aquifers, seasonal water flows and water-rich hydrated materials.
Martians will also need rocks, gravel, and sand for building materials like roads, buildings, and wastewater treatment plant. You can pile dirt on areas to protect against radiation. Cobbles, larger rocks and other large rocks can be used for construction and maintenance of service roads. You can make metals and silicon from minerals and rocks.
There is a big problem with finding a landing spot for Mars. Mars explorers must find a safe landing spot. A flat area of approximately 25 km in size is the goal, which can be used to land many crew and supply ships. You don’t want anything too hard, as boulders can make it difficult to rove and are dangerous to land. You wouldn’t want your landing site to be covered in dust several meters deep. Because you have more atmosphere, low altitudes may offer safer landing spots. Parachutes and other braking devices can also be used to safely land at lower altitudes.